sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libjpeg62-dev libtiff4-dev cmake libswscale-dev libjasper-dev

opencv的下载地址：http://opencv.org/downloads.html

unzip opencv-x-x-x.zip

cd opencv

mkdir build

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..

make -j  && make install 

sudo vi /etc/ld.so.d/opencv.conf
输入：
/usr/local/lib
保存并退出
运行ldconfig使生效
sudo ldconfig 
在shell的配置的文件中加入
我使用的是oh-my--zsh,所以在~/.zshrc中加入就可以了
#opencv config

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
  export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

 /**

  *            File name               :ShowImage.cpp

  *            Author                  :kangkangliang

  *            File desc               :test Opencv

  *            Mail                    :942504876@qq.com

  *            Create time             :2016-07-26

  */

 /**

  *                                             headfile

  */

 #include <iostream>

 #include <fstream>

 #include <vector>

 #include <string>

 #include <iterator>

 #include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>

 #include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>

 #include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>

 using namespace std;

 using namespace cv;

 /**

  *                                            main function

  */

 int

 main(int argc,char **argv)

 {

     ///        error way

     if (argc < )

         cout << "usage :./show image_name" << endl;

     ///        read image from agrv

     Mat        src = imread(argv[]);

     if (!src.data)

     {

         cout << "read iamge error" << endl;

         return -;

     }

     /// show image

     imshow("image",src);

     waitKey();

     return ;

 }

 #########################################

 #         File name   :make.sh

 #         Author      :liangkangkang

 #         File desc   :compile opencv

 #         Mail        :@qq.comm

 #         Create time :--

 #########################################

 #!/usr/bin/bash

 #obj = `echo $ | cut -d '.' -f1`

 #g++ -Wall -std=c++0x $ -o $obj

 g++ -Wall -std=c++0x $  `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv` -o  `echo $ | cut -d '.' -f1`

 #./`echo $ | cut -d '.' -f1`

$sh make.sh ShowImage.cpp

$./ShowImage image_name

 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)

 project( ShowImage )

 find_package( OpenCV REQUIRED )

 add_executable( ShowImage ShowImage.cpp )

 target_link_libraries( ShowImage ${OpenCV_LIBS} )