>>> import fabric.api

>>> for i in fabric.api.env:

...     print(i)

...

disable_known_hosts     # 默认是false，如果是true，则会跳过用户知道的hosts文件

effective_roles

tasks

linewise

show

password　　　　　　　　　　# 定义密码

key_filename

abort_on_prompts

skip_unknown_tasks

reject_unknown_hosts

skip_bad_hosts                  # 默认false，为ture时，会导致fab跳过无法连接的主机

use_ssh_config

roledefs　　　　　　　　　　# 定义角色分组，例如：区分DB主机与web主机

gateway　　　　　　　　　　# 定义网关（中转，堡垒机）IP

gss_auth

keepalive

eagerly_disconnect

rcfile

path_behavior

hide

sudo_prefix

lcwd

no_agent

forward_agent

remote_interrupt

port　　　　　　　　　　# 定义目标主机的端口

shell

version

use_exceptions_for

connection_attempts

hosts　　　　　　# 定义目标主机

gss_deleg

cwd

abort_exception

real_fabfile

passwords　　　　　　# 与password功能一致，区别在于不同主机不同密码的应用场景

sudo_password

host_string

shell_env

always_use_pty

colorize_errors

exclude_hosts   # 排除指定主机

all_hosts

sudo_prompt

again_prompt

echo_stdin

user　　　　　　　　# 定义ssh使用哪个用户登录远程主机

gss_kex

command_timeout

path

local_user

combine_stderr

command_prefixes

dedupe_hosts

warn_only

no_keys

sudo_passwords

roles

fabfile

use_shell

host

pool_size

system_known_hosts

prompts

output_prefix

command

timeout　　　　　　　　# 默认10 网络连接的超时时间

default_port

ssh_config_path

parallel

sudo_user

ok_ret_codes

[root@bogon fabric]# python

Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jul 23 2015, 14:41:34)

[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-11)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> import tab

>>> import fabric.api

>>> for i in dir(fabric.api):

...     print(i)

...

__builtins__

__doc__

__file__

__name__

__package__

abort

cd                 # 切换远程目录

env

execute

fastprint

get              # 从远程主机下载文件到本地

hide

hosts

lcd              # 切换本地目录

local           # 执行本地命令

open_shell

output

parallel

path

prefix

prompt          # 获取用户输入信息

put               # 上传本地文件到远程主机

puts

quiet

reboot

remote_tunnel

require

roles

run                    # 执行远程命令

runs_once          # 函数修饰符 标识的函数只会执行一次，不收多台主机影响

serial

settings

shell_env

show

sudo              # sudo方式执行远程命令

task              # 函数修饰符，标识的函数为fab可以调用

warn

warn_only

with_settings             

pip install fabric

easy_install fabric
or 
源码安装

[root@saltstack ~]# find / -type f -name "fab"

/usr/local/python2.7.10/bin/fab

[root@saltstack ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7.10/bin/fab /usr/bin/fab

[root@saltstack fabric]# fab -h

Usage: fab [options] <command>[:arg1,arg2=val2,host=foo,hosts='h1;h2',...] ...

Options:

  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

  -d NAME, --display=NAME print detailed info about command NAME

  -F FORMAT, --list-format=FORMAT formats --list, choices: short, normal, nested

  -I, --initial-password-prompt  Force password prompt up-front

  --initial-sudo-password-prompt  Force sudo password prompt up-front

  -l, --list            print list of possible commands and exit                   # 显示一个脚本中可用的task（命令）

  --set=KEY=VALUE,...   comma separated KEY=VALUE pairs to set Fab env vars

  --shortlist           alias for -F short --list

  -V, --version         show program's version number and exit

  -a, --no_agent        don't use the running SSH agent

  -A, --forward-agent   forward local agent to remote end

  --abort-on-prompts    abort instead of prompting (for password, host, etc)

  -c PATH, --config=PATH specify location of config file to use

  --colorize-errors     Color error output

  -D, --disable-known-hosts  do not load user known_hosts file

  -e, --eagerly-disconnect disconnect from hosts as soon as possible

  -f PATH, --fabfile=PATH  python module file to import, e.g. '../other.py'   # 指定入口文件，fab默认入口文件是：fabfile/fabfile.py

  -g HOST, --gateway=HOST  gateway host to connect through　　　　　　# 指定网关（中转）设备，比如堡垒机环境，填写堡垒机IP即可

  --gss-auth            Use GSS-API authentication

  --gss-deleg           Delegate GSS-API client credentials or not

  --gss-kex             Perform GSS-API Key Exchange and user authentication

  --hide=LEVELS         comma-separated list of output levels to hide

  -H HOSTS, --hosts=HOSTS   comma-separated list of hosts to operate on      # 指定host，支持多host逗号分开

  -i PATH               path to SSH private key file. May be repeated.

  -k, --no-keys         don't load private key files from ~/.ssh/

  --keepalive=N         enables a keepalive every N seconds

  --linewise            print line-by-line instead of byte-by-byte

  -n M, --connection-attempts=M make M attempts to connect before giving up

  --no-pty              do not use pseudo-terminal in run/sudo

  -p PASSWORD, --password=PASSWORD  password for use with authentication and/or sudo

  -P, --parallel        default to parallel execution method    # 以异步并行方式运行多主机任务，默认是串行

  --port=PORT           SSH connection port

  -r, --reject-unknown-hosts   reject unknown hosts

  --sudo-password=SUDO_PASSWORD  password for use with sudo only

  --system-known-hosts=SYSTEM_KNOWN_HOSTS  load system known_hosts file before reading user known_hosts

  -R ROLES, --roles=ROLES comma-separated list of roles to operate on    # 指定role，支持多个，即以角色名区分不同业务组设备

  -s SHELL, --shell=SHELL  specify a new shell, defaults to '/bin/bash -l -c'

  --show=LEVELS         comma-separated list of output levels to show

  --skip-bad-hosts      skip over hosts that can't be reached

  --skip-unknown-tasks  skip over unknown tasks

  --ssh-config-path=PATH   Path to SSH config file

  -t N, --timeout=N     set connection timeout to N seconds　　　　# 设置设备连接超时时间（秒）

  -T N, --command-timeout=N  set remote command timeout to N seconds   # 设置远程主机命令执行超时时间（秒）

  -u USER, --user=USER  username to use when connecting to remote hosts　　

  -w, --warn-only       warn, instead of abort, when commands fail     # warn_only，默认是碰到异常直接abort退出，该设置为发出告警，但不退出

  -x HOSTS, --exclude-hosts=HOSTS  comma-separated list of hosts to exclude

  -z INT, --pool-size=INT  number of concurrent processes to use in parallel mode

# 直接用命令行的形式执行远程命令
[root@bogon fabric]# fab -p 'strong' -H 192.168.80.128 -- 'uname -m'
[192.168.80.128] Executing task '<remainder>'
[192.168.80.128] run: uname -m
[192.168.80.128] out: i686
[192.168.80.128] out: 

Done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.80.128... done.

[root@saltstack fabric]# cat fabric_8.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding:utf-8

from fabric.api import local

def prepare_deploy():

    local("./manage.py test my_app")

    local("git add -p && git commit")

    local("git push")

[root@saltstack fabric]# fab -f fabric_8.py prepare_deploy     # 报错是因为测试环境不足所致

[localhost] local: ./manage.py test my_app

/bin/sh: ./manage.py: 没有那个文件或目录

Fatal error: local() encountered an error (return code 127) while executing './manage.py test my_app'

Aborting.

[root@saltstack fabric]# cat fabric_1.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding:utf-8

from fabric.api import run

def host_type():

    run('uname -s')

# 注：fabfile.py为fab默认识别的文件名，如果不是该文件名需要使用-f参数说明要执行的文件名

[root@saltstack fabric]# fab -H localhost -f fabric_1.py host_type

[localhost] Executing task 'host_type'

[localhost] run: uname -s

[localhost] out: Linux

[localhost] out: 

Done.

Disconnecting from localhost... done.

[root@saltstack fabric]# cat fabric_2.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding:utf-8

from fabric.api import run

def host_type(name):

    run('uname -s')

    print("Hello %s !!!" % name)

[root@saltstack fabric]# fab -H localhost -f fabric_2.py host_type:name=mads

[localhost] Executing task 'host_type'

[localhost] run: uname -s

[localhost] out: Linux

[localhost] out: 

Hello mads !!!

Done.

Disconnecting from localhost... done.

[root@saltstack fabric]# cat fabric_3.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding:utf-8

from fabric.api import run,cd,env,hosts

env.hosts=['192.168.20.140:22','172.16.1.150:22']   # env.hosts=['user@ip:port',] ssh要用到的参数格式

env.password='strong'

def host_type():

    with cd('/tmp/'):

        run('du -ksh *')

[root@saltstack fabric]# fab -f fabric_3.py host_type

[192.168.20.140:22] Executing task 'host_type'

[192.168.20.140:22] run: du -ksh *

[192.168.20.140:22] out: 36K    hsperfdata_rundeck

[192.168.20.140:22] out: 8.0K   pip-3wB4vO-unpack

[192.168.20.140:22] out: 4.0K   rundeck

[192.168.20.140:22] out: 4.0K   yum_save_tx-2016-07-30-20-49HgACou.yumtx

[192.168.20.140:22] out: 

[172.16.1.150:22] Executing task 'host_type'

[172.16.1.150:22] run: du -ksh *

[172.16.1.150:22] out: 4.0K     uname.txt

[172.16.1.150:22] out: 

Done.

Disconnecting from 172.16.1.150... done.

Disconnecting from 192.168.20.140... done.

[root@saltstack fabric]# cat fabric_4.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding:utf-8

from fabric.api import env,roles,run,execute

env.roledefs = {

'server1': ['root@172.16.1.140:22',],

'server2': ['root@172.16.1.150:22', ]

}

env.password = 'strong'

@roles('server1')

def task1():

    run('ls /home/ -l | wc -l')

@roles('server2')

def task2():

    run('du -sh /home')

def test():               # 调节主机组和主机组执行操作的顺序

    execute(task2)

    execute(task1)

[root@saltstack fabric]# fab -f fabric_4.py test

[root@172.16.1.150:22] Executing task 'task2'

[root@172.16.1.150:22] run: du -sh /home

[root@172.16.1.150:22] out: 4.0K        /home

[root@172.16.1.150:22] out: 

[root@172.16.1.140:22] Executing task 'task1'

[root@172.16.1.140:22] run: ls /home/ -l | wc -l

[root@172.16.1.140:22] out: 3

[root@172.16.1.140:22] out: 

Done.

Disconnecting from 172.16.1.150... done.

Disconnecting from 172.16.1.140... done.

[root@saltstack fabric]# cat fabric_5.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding:utf-8

from fabric.colors import *

def show():

    print green('success')

    print red('fail')

    print yellow('yellow')

[root@saltstack fabric]# fab -f fabric_5.py show

success

fail

yellow

Done.

# 默认情况

[root@saltstack fabric]# cat fabric_6.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding:utf-8

#from fabric.api import run

from fabric.api import local

def host_type():

    local('uname -s')

    local('tt')

    local('hostname')

[root@saltstack fabric]# fab -H localhost -f fabric_6.py host_type

[localhost] Executing task 'host_type'

[localhost] local: uname -s

Linux

[localhost] local: tt

/bin/sh: tt: command not found

Fatal error: local() encountered an error (return code 127) while executing 'tt'

Aborting.

# 注：由于tt执行报错，后面的hostname命令没有被执行

[root@saltstack fabric]# cat fabric_7.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding:utf-8

from __future__ import with_statement

from fabric.api import local, settings, abort

from fabric.colors import *

from fabric.contrib.console import confirm

def host_type():

    local('uname -s')

    with settings(warn_only=True):

        result = local('tt', capture=True)

    if result.failed and not confirm(red("tt cmd failed. Continue anyway?")):

        abort("Aborting at user request.")

    local('hostname')

[root@saltstack fabric]# fab -H localhost -f fabric_7.py host_type

[localhost] Executing task 'host_type'

[localhost] local: uname -s

Linux

[localhost] local: tt

Warning: local() encountered an error (return code 127) while executing 'tt'

tt cmd failed. Continue anyway? [Y/n] y        # 判断上一步执行有无异常，异常给予提示，确认是否继续

[localhost] local: hostname

saltstack

Done.