docker学习笔记（3）
2024-04-25 17:41:33
docker 搭建私有仓库
docker-registry是官方提供的工具，可以用于构建私有的镜像仓库。本文内容基于 docker-registry v2.x 版本。
安装运行 docker-registry
$ docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry registry
# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry registry
Unable to find image 'registry:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/registry
81033e7c1d6a: Pull complete
b235084c2315: Pull complete
c692f3a6894b: Pull complete
ba2177f3a70e: Pull complete
a8d793620947: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:672d519d7fd7bbc7a448d17956ebeefe225d5eb27509d8dc5ce67ecb4a0bce54
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry:latest
f7f231cb61d1ab0716e60a85e69b64d19bfe099636dcc7d668f3c83f47244bf3
这将使用官方的 registry 镜像来启动私有仓库。默认情况下，仓库会被创建在容器的
/var/lib/registry 目录下。你可以通过 -v 参数来将镜像文件存放在本地的指定路径。例
如下面的例子将上传的镜像放到本地的 /opt/data/registry 目录。
# docker run -d \
> -p 5000:5000 \
> -v /opt/data/registry:/var/lib/registry \
> registry
在私有仓库上传、搜索、下载镜像
docker image ls查看已有镜像
# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
fandf-image-base 1.0 33761c640b6f 2 days ago 762MB
centos latest 2d194b392dd1 11 days ago 195MB
nginx latest e548f1a579cf 3 weeks ago 109MB
registry latest d1fd7d86a825 2 months ago 33.3MB
mysql 5.6.38 15a5ee56ec55 2 months ago 299MB
hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 months ago 1.85kB
centos 7.4.1708 3afd47092a0e 4 months ago 197MB
java latest d23bdf5b1b1b 14 months ago 643MB
使用 docker tag 将 centos:7.4.1708 这个镜像标记为 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:7.4.1708
格式为 docker tag IMAGE[:TAG] [REGISTRY_HOST[:REGISTRY_PORT]/]REPOSITORY[:TAG]
# docker tag centos:7.4.1708 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:7.4.1708
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
fandf-image-base 1.0 33761c640b6f 2 days ago 762MB
centos latest 2d194b392dd1 11 days ago 195MB
nginx latest e548f1a579cf 3 weeks ago 109MB
registry latest d1fd7d86a825 2 months ago 33.3MB
mysql 5.6.38 15a5ee56ec55 2 months ago 299MB
hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 months ago 1.85kB
127.0.0.1:5000/centos 7.4.1708 3afd47092a0e 4 months ago 197MB
centos 7.4.1708 3afd47092a0e 4 months ago 197MB
java latest d23bdf5b1b1b 14 months ago 643MB
上传镜像
# docker push 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:7.4.1708
The push refers to repository [127.0.0.1:5000/centos]
129b697f70e9: Pushed
7.4.1708: digest: sha256:834aba7fdd53f4e622a8d636dcd549a83e86a22efad0246bf9438e4655b888ef size: 529
用 curl 查看仓库中的镜像
# curl 127.0.0.1:5000/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":["centos"]}
先删除已有镜像，再尝试从私有仓库中下载这个镜像
# docker image rm 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:7.4.1708
Untagged: 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:7.4.1708
Untagged: 127.0.0.1:5000/centos@sha256:834aba7fdd53f4e622a8d636dcd549a83e86a22efad0246bf9438e4655b888ef
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:7.4.1708
7.4.1708: Pulling from centos
Digest: sha256:834aba7fdd53f4e622a8d636dcd549a83e86a22efad0246bf9438e4655b888ef
Status: Downloaded newer image for 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:7.4.1708
[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
fandf-image-base 1.0 33761c640b6f 2 days ago 762MB
centos latest 2d194b392dd1 11 days ago 195MB
nginx latest e548f1a579cf 3 weeks ago 109MB
registry latest d1fd7d86a825 2 months ago 33.3MB
mysql 5.6.38 15a5ee56ec55 2 months ago 299MB
hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 months ago 1.85kB
127.0.0.1:5000/centos 7.4.1708 3afd47092a0e 4 months ago 197MB
centos 7.4.1708 3afd47092a0e 4 months ago 197MB
java latest d23bdf5b1b1b 14 months ago 643MB
私有仓库高级设置
新建文件夹，以下操作均在该文件夹下进行
第一步：创建ca私钥
# openssl genrsa -out "root-ca.key" 4096
Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus
.................................++
...............................................................................++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@localhost fandf]#
第二步：利用私钥创建 CA 根证书请求文件
# openssl req \
> -new -key "root-ca.key" \
> -out "root-ca.csr" -sha256 \
> -subj '/C=CN/ST=Shanxi/L=xianyang/O=dongfeng/CN=dongfeng Docker Registry CA'
以上命令中 -subj 参数里的 /C 表示国家，如 CN ； /ST 表示省； /L 表示城市或者地区； /O 表示组织名； /CN 通用名称
第三步：配置 CA 根证书，新建 root-ca.cnf
[root_ca]
basicConstraints = critical,CA:TRUE,pathlen:1
keyUsage = critical, nonRepudiation, cRLSign, keyCertSign
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
第四步：签发根证书
# openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in "root-ca.csr" \
> -signkey "root-ca.key" -sha256 -out "root-ca.crt" \
> -extfile "root-ca.cnf" -extensions \
> root_ca
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=Shanxi/L=xianyang/O=dongfeng/CN=dongfeng Docker Registry CA
Getting Private key
[root@localhost fandf]#
第五步：生成站点 SSL 私钥
# openssl genrsa -out "docker.domain.com.key" 4096
Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus
...........................................................................................++
........................................++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@localhost fandf]#
第六步：使用私钥生成证书请求文件
# openssl req -new -key "docker.domain.com.key" -out "site.csr" -sha256 \
> -subj '/C=CN/ST=Shanxi/L=Datong/O=Your Company Name/CN=docker.domain.com'
[root@localhost fandf]#
第七步：配置证书，新建 site.cnf 文件
[server]
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
basicConstraints = critical,CA:FALSE
extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = DNS:docker.domain.com, IP:127.0.0.1
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
第八步：签署站点 SSL 证书
# openssl x509 -req -days 750 -in "site.csr" -sha256 \
> -CA "root-ca.crt" -CAkey "root-ca.key" -CAcreateserial \
> -out "docker.domain.com.crt" -extfile "site.cnf" -extensions server
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=Shanxi/L=Datong/O=Your Company Name/CN=docker.domain.com
Getting CA Private Key
[root@localhost fandf]#
这样已经拥有了 docker.domain.com 的网站 SSL 私钥 docker.domain.com.key 和 SSL 证书 docker.domain.com.crt 。
新建 ssl 文件夹并将 docker.domain.com.key docker.domain.com.crt 这两个文件移入，删除其他文件。
私有仓库默认的配置文件位于 /etc/docker/registry/config.yml ，我们先在本地编辑
config.yml ，之后挂载到容器中。
version: 0.1
log:
accesslog:
disabled: true
level: debug
formatter: text
fields:
service: registry
environment: staging
storage:
delete:
enabled: true
cache:
blobdescriptor: inmemory
filesystem:
rootdirectory: /var/lib/registry
auth:
htpasswd:
realm: basic-realm
path: /etc/docker/registry/auth/nginx.htpasswd
http:
addr: :443
host: https://docker.domain.com
headers:
X-Content-Type-Options: [nosniff]
http2:
disabled: false
tls:
certificate: /etc/docker/registry/ssl/docker.domain.com.crt
key: /etc/docker/registry/ssl/docker.domain.com.key
health:
storagedriver:
enabled: true
interval: 10s
threshold: 3
生成 http 认证文件
mkdir auth
$ docker run --rm \
--entrypoint htpasswd \
registry \
-Bbn username password > auth/nginx.htpasswd
将上面的 username password 替换为你自己的用户名和密码
编辑 docker-compose.yml
version: '3' services:
registry:
image: registry
ports:
- "443:443"
volumes:
- ./:/etc/docker/registry
- registry-data:/var/lib/registry
volumes:
registry-data:
修改 hosts
docker.domain.com 127.0.0.1
启动
docker-compose up -d
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