#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

class A

{

public:

    void ppp() { cout << "function ppp() was called" << endl; }

    static void bbb(void* obj){((A*)obj)->ppp(); }

};

// save addresses of object and member functions

// and then use template to help get the right class type

class Caller

{

public:

    class icaller{ public:virtual void run() = ; };

    template<class T>

    class caller :public icaller {

    public:

        caller(T * obj, void(T::*call)()) :object(obj), func(call){}

        virtual void run(){ (object->*func)(); }

        T * object;

        void(T::*func)();

    };

    template<class T>

    Caller(T*object, void (T::*clk)()){ p = new caller<T>(object, clk); }

    icaller * p;

    void run() { p->run(); }

};

// function 2: save the addresses of object and static member functions

// then call dynamic functions through static member functions

class Callb

{

public: void setcall(void(*cb)(void *), void *obj){ callbk = cb; object = obj; }

        void run(){ (*callbk)(object); }

        void(*callbk)(void *);

        void *object;

};

int main()

{

    A a;

    void(A::*func)() = &A::ppp;

    void(*funcd)(void *) = &A::bbb;

    Caller funca(&a, &A::ppp);

    Callb funcb;

    funcb.setcall(&A::bbb, &a);

    funcb.run();

    funca.run();

    (a.*func)();

    funcd(&a);

}