Salesforce Invoking Http Callouts and Testing Http Callouts

本文参考官方文档和zero zhang的博客：

　　https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_integration_intro.htm

Salesforce调用外部接口的方法或者数据，常用的访问方式有两种：

Soap方式：Web Service 通过XML方式调用Soap Web服务器；
Rest方式：Http通过JSON使用REST方式调用服务器。

下面了解一下REST方式获取外部Service数据。

Salesforce 通过REST方式获取外部Service数据

　　REST方式原理图如下：
Salesforce 通过REST方式访问外界站点步骤如下
1. 将Webservice的授权端点地址添加到Remote Site中：set -> Administer->Security Site Settings->Remote Site Settings。
  Salesforce提供了两个测试URL。将两个测试的URL添加到Remote Site中。两个URL分别为：
  
  Http:https://ap2.salesforce.com/0rp28000000TSqv
  
  Soap:https://ap2.salesforce.com/0rp28000000TSr0
2. 代码进行访问，通过Http方式可以使用以下方法进行相关操作的访问：

下面是我自己封装的一个简单的Salesforce调用外部接口的帮助类和测试类：

Helper类：

global class HttpHelper {

    private Http Http{get;set;}

    private HttpRequest Request{get;set;}

    private HttpResponse Response{get;set;}

    public HttpResponse service(String method,String url,String body,String contentType,String authoriziton,String certificateName){

        Http = new Http();

        Request = new HttpRequest();

        try{

            Request.setMethod(method);

            Request.setEndpoint(url);

            Request.setTimeout(120000);

            if(string.isEmpty(contentType) || string.isBlank(contentType)){

                Request.setHeader('Content-Type','application/json;charset=utf-8');

            }else{

               Request.setHeader('Content-Type',contentType);

            }

            if(string.isNotEmpty(authoriziton)&&string.isNotBlank(authoriziton)){

               Request.setHeader('Authorization', authoriziton);

            }

            if(string.isNotEmpty(certificateName)&&string.isNotBlank(certificateName)){

                Request.setClientCertificateName(certificateName);

            }

            if(string.isNotEmpty(body)&&string.isNotBlank(body)){

                Request.setBody(body);

            }

            Response = Http.send(Request);

            System.debug('Response：'+Response);

        }catch(Exception e){

            system.debug('RequstException：'+e);

        }

        return Response;

    }

    /**

    Execute the Get Method

    */

    public HttpResponse doGet(String url,String body,String authoriziton,String certificateName){

        return service('GET', url, body, null, authoriziton,certificateName);

    }

    /**

     * Execute the Post Method

    */

    public HttpResponse doPost(String url,String body,String authoriziton,String certificateName){

        return service('POST', url, body, null, authoriziton,certificateName);

    }

}

需要注意的是在测试帮助类的时候，我们必须实现HttpCalloutMock的这个类并实现其方法respond(),如：

@isTest global class HttpCallOutMockImpl implements HttpCalloutMock{

    global HttpResponse respond(HttpRequest request){

        //Optionally,only send a mock response for a specific endpoint.

        System.assertEquals('http://example.com/example/test',request.getEndpoint());

        System.assertEquals('GET',request.getMethod());

        //Create a fake response

        HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse();

        response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');

        response.setBody('{"example":"test"}');

        response.setStatusCode(200);

        return response;

    }

}

编写测试类，如：

@isTest

private class HttpHelperTest {

    @isTest static void testCallOut(){

        Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class,new HttpCallOutMockImpl());

        HttpHelper httpHelper = new HttpHelper();

        HttpResponse resp=  httpHelper.doGet('http://example.com/example/test', null, null, null);

        string contentType = resp.getHeader('Content-Type');

        System.assert(contentType == 'application/json');

        String actualValue = resp.getBody();

        System.debug('Body:'+actualValue);

        String expectedValue = '{"example":"test"}';

        System.assertEquals(actualValue, expectedValue);

        System.assertEquals(200, resp.getStatusCode());

    }

}

注：测试类必须加上标记@IsTest　

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Salesforce Invoking Http Callouts and Testing Http Callouts

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