/**

     * Return whether the given throwable is a checked exception:

     * that is, neither a RuntimeException nor an Error.

     * @param ex the throwable to check

     * @return whether the throwable is a checked exception

     * @see java.lang.Exception

     * @see java.lang.RuntimeException

     * @see java.lang.Error

     */

    public static boolean isCheckedException(Throwable ex) {

        return !(ex instanceof RuntimeException || ex instanceof Error);

    }